Abstract

TiO 2 nanoparticles are prepared via sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor under refluxing and controlled pH. It is found that pure anatase phase is obtained with pH 10. Further characterization studies are carried out on pure nanoparticle anatase phase by XRD, SEM, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Their electrochemical performances as anode material in lithium-ion batteries are investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, and rate capability measurements. A high discharge capacity of 321 mAh/g (vs. 335 mAh/g theoretical) is achieved at 1C rate. After the first galvanostatic charge/discharge cycle, voltage profiles show plateaus at 1.75 and 1.95 V versus Li at discharge and charge, respectively. High Coulombic efficiency (>99%) is maintained after 300 cycles, which makes anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method, a very promising material for anode application in lithium rechargeable batteries.

Highlights

  • Nanostructured titania (NST) TiO2 is a very promising alternative anode material compared with the commercialized lithium titanate L i4Ti15 O12 and graphite materials for lithium-ion battery application in particular when fast charging is required [1–3]

  • We show that unlike in acidic pH, which lead to mixed phases, pure anatase NST is obtained via sol-gel at pH 10

  • The electrochemical properties of pure anatase phase NST are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling, including rate capability tests in view of its application as anode material in lithium-ion batteries

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Summary

Introduction

Nanostructured titania (NST) TiO2 is a very promising alternative anode material compared with the commercialized lithium titanate L i4Ti15 O12 and graphite materials for lithium-ion battery application in particular when fast charging is required [1–3]. Fast charging while keeping long battery operational life is one of the most challenging tasks in lithium-ion batteries nowadays. A low volumetric change upon lithium-ion intercalation and de-intercalation providing a high crystal structure stability and long cycle life ii. A fast diffusivity of lithium ions within the TiO2 structure providing fast charging and high power discharge iii. Anatase TiO2 anode material reversibly uptakes 0.5 Li per TiO2 formula with lithium insertion/extraction taking place at relatively low voltage and showing fast kinetics [29, 30]. Enhancing practical capacity in NST should make this material more attractive for anode application in lithium-ion batteries [34]. The electrochemical properties of pure anatase phase NST are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling, including rate capability tests in view of its application as anode material in lithium-ion batteries

Sample preparation
Characterization
Electrochemical measurements
Physical characterizations
Electrochemical characterizations
Conclusion

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