Abstract
Synthesis—particularly by electrochemical anodization-, growth mechanism and chemical sensing properties of pure, doped and mixed titania tubular arrays are reviewed. The first part deals on how anodization parameters affect the size, shape and morphology of titania nanotubes. In the second part fabrication of sensing devices based on titania nanotubes is presented, together with their most notable gas sensing performances. Doping largely improves conductivity and enhances gas sensing performances of TiO2 nanotubes.
Highlights
The development of portable and low cost gas sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and low working temperature is highly desirable and still a great challenge
The present review is focused on the recent developments in the synthesis, modifications and gas sensing properties of titania nanotubes which can open new perspectives for the fabrication of gas sensors
A few approaches have been employed for synthesis of titania tubular structures such as electrochemical anodization [36,37,38,39], atomic layer deposition (ALD) [40,41,42] and hydrothermal synthesis [43,44,45]
Summary
The development of portable and low cost gas sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and low working temperature is highly desirable and still a great challenge. The conductivity of metal oxide nanostructures changes with the surface adsorption and desorption of gas molecules. Sensors 2013, 13 extensive attention from the gas sensing research community due to their unique physical and chemical properties [5,6,7,8,9], and nanostructured titania with tubular shape has been considered one of the most promising materials for the fabrication of gas sensing devices [10]. The experimental results have shown that the presence of substituted Nb ions in the anatase structure of TiO2 inhibits the undesirable phase transition of the structure [30], so to enhance the conductivity and to stabilize the gas sensing properties of titania Nb is more preferable compared to other dopants. The present review is focused on the recent developments in the synthesis, modifications and gas sensing properties of titania nanotubes which can open new perspectives for the fabrication of gas sensors
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