Abstract
Objectives: To develop TiO2 nanostructures using an electrochemical process and evaluate the influence of voltage in the generation of nanotubes and the adhesion of human osteosarcoma cells on anodizing Ti6Al4V surfaces. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: TiO2 nanostructures on Ti6Al4V in a solution of 1M H3 PO4 + 0.2% wt HF for 1 hour at 14 V, 20 V and 25 V were obtained. Surface morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy and the corrosion behavior of the anodized surfaces was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Cell toxicity was evaluated using a colorimetric MTT assay and the cell morphology was reviewed using a fluorescence microscope. Findings: TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of 54.35 nm, 90.84 nm and 85.02 nm were obtained by anodizing at 14 V, 20 V and 25 V respectively. Using an anodizing process an organized and uniform structure was obtained with a density of 130/μm2 , 60/μm2 and 6/μm2 , for the samples anodized at 14 V, 20 V and 25 V respectively. The anodized samples presented nanotubes with intertubular spaces between 10 and 14 nm. The results showed a lower corrosion rate of the anodized surfaces compared to the base material (UT-Ti64), in addition, it was observed that the samples with higher cell count adhered to its surface have higher cell viability percentages, 80% for the samples anodized at 20 V and 25 V. Application/Improvements: The results show that nanostructures could be customized depending on the applications such as higher corrosion resistance and better transport of nutrients favoring the cell metabolism. Keywords: Cell Adhesion, Corrosion Resistance, Nanostructures, TiO2
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are biocompatible materials that have different properties such as excellent corrosion resistance, good strength to density ratio, fatigue resistance and formability which are necessary in the use of biomedical applications[1,2]
Titanium alloys may present toxicity problems related to the presence of alloying elements, which is the case of the Ti6Al4V alloy[3], where elements such as aluminum and vanadium increase the chances of generating toxicity in the implant
The anodic oxidation process allow the generation of a barrier or tubular type film that allows a better integration in the implant-bone relationship, being a great alternative for this type of materials[7]
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are biocompatible materials that have different properties such as excellent corrosion resistance, good strength to density ratio, fatigue resistance and formability which are necessary in the use of biomedical applications[1,2]. Titanium alloys may present toxicity problems related to the presence of alloying elements, which is the case of the Ti6Al4V alloy[3], where elements such as aluminum and vanadium increase the chances of generating toxicity in the implant. PVD, thermal oxidation, sol gel, laser treatments, cathodic spray, anodic oxidation and others have been applied[5,6] Within these techniques, the anodic oxidation process allow the generation of a barrier or tubular type film that allows a better integration in the implant-bone relationship, being a great alternative for this type of materials[7]. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the voltage on the behavior of the TiO2 nanostructures grown on the Ti6Al4V alloy, their morphology, composition and their influence on corrosion behavior and cell adhesion
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