Abstract
WO3-TiO2 heterostructural nanofibers (HNFs) were prepared by a simple spin coating method. The structures, chemical constitutions and morphologies of the samples were characterized by various kinds of techniques, including XRD, XPS, EDX, BET, SEM and TEM. The results suggested that WO3 nanoparticles with a size range of 20–30 nm were decorated uniformly on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers in the WO3-TiO2 composite thin films. XPS results confirmed the existence of W5+and the increased amount of both chemisorbed oxygen species and oxygen vacancies after the WO3 nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers. Compared with the pure materials, the WO3-TiO2 HNFs exhibited higher response (78.21 ± 0.35) %), rapid response (20 s) and recovery time (23 s), better selectivity and long term stability towards H2 gas. The gas-sensitive properties improvement of WO3-TiO2 composite is due to high surface area, which leaded to an increase of the gas adsorption sites. Moreover, the Fermi level effect of the composite metal oxide heterojunction formed by TiO2 and WO3 also markedly enhanced the gas sensitivity properties of the composite samples.
Highlights
With the need to identify the amount of toxic gases (NO, NO2, CO, SO2, H2S, etc.) in the air in real time, the development of high-performance gas sensors in the manufacturing, ecological and health sectors is essential
WO3 incorporated TiO2 thin film sensor showed high sensing response (78%), rapid response (20 s) and recovery time (23 s) with respect to other gas molecules (NH3, NO2, LPG and SO2)
The finding demonstrates that the WO3-TiO2 sensor showed good selective response towards H2 gas
Summary
With the need to identify the amount of toxic gases (NO, NO2, CO, SO2, H2S, etc.) in the air in real time, the development of high-performance gas sensors in the manufacturing, ecological and health sectors is essential. A multitude of compounds, such as ZnO [3, 4], SnO2 [5, 6] and Fe2O3 [7, 8], were used to manufacture gas-sensitive coatings These frameworks have some drawbacks, such as low response, high energy consumption, and some humidity and temperature volatility. Nanofiber WO3-TiO2 may form n-n heterojunction, which can potentially present highly explosive localized areas and obtain unpredictable features for specific applications. In this analysis, we describe a simple and successful spin coating technique has been used to fabricated the quasi-1D WO3 nanoparticles-decorated TiO2 heterostructural nanofibers. The increase in the efficiency of gas sensing can be due to the creation of heterojunctions seen between two material types
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