Abstract
We report column material for a 68Ge/68Ga generator with acid resistance and excellent adsorption and desorption capacity of 68Ge and 68Ga, respectively. Despite being a core element of the 68Ge/68Ga generator system, research on this has been insufficient. Therefore, we synthesized a low molecular chitosan-based TiO2 (LC-TiO2) adsorbent via a physical trapping method as a durable 68Ge/68Ga generator column material. The adsorption/desorption studies exhibited a higher separation factor of 68Ge/68Ga in the concentration range of HCl examined (0.01 M to 1.0 M). The prepared LC-TiO2 adsorbent showed acid resistance capabilities with >93% of 68Ga elution yield and 1.6 × 10−4% of 68Ge breakthrough. In particular, the labeling efficiency of DOTA and NOTA, by using the generator eluted 68Ga, was quite encouraging and confirmed to be 99.65 and 99.69%, respectively. Accordingly, the resulting behavior of LC-TiO2 towards 68Ge/68Ga adsorption/desorption capacity and stability with aqueous HCl exhibited a high potential for ion-exchange solid-phase extraction for the 68Ge/68Ga generator column material.
Highlights
Gallium-68 (68 Ga) is a positron-emitting radionuclide obtained on-site using a generator without the need for an accelerator. 68 Ga has a short half-life (t1/2 ; 67.71 min), decaying 89% through positron emission with a maximum energy of 1899.1 keV and a mean of 836.0 keV [1]
In human positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), images reconstructed with PET spatial resolution phantom (68 Ga) have shown a resolution of 7.0 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) [2], which is suitable for clinical-based scanning
Low molecular chitosan and titanium dioxide were used as an inert support and stationary phase to synthesize a microsized low molecular chitosan-based TiO2 (LC-TiO2) adsorbent with excellent adsorption/desorption capability for 68 Ge/68 Ga, while securing stability towards corrosive HCl
Summary
Gallium-68 (68 Ga) is a positron-emitting radionuclide obtained on-site using a generator without the need for an accelerator. 68 Ga has a short half-life (t1/2 ; 67.71 min), decaying 89% through positron emission with a maximum energy of 1899.1 keV and a mean of 836.0 keV [1]. Gallium-68 (68 Ga) is a positron-emitting radionuclide obtained on-site using a generator without the need for an accelerator. In human positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), images reconstructed with PET spatial resolution phantom (68 Ga) have shown a resolution of 7.0 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) [2], which is suitable for clinical-based scanning. 68 Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly being used in nuclear medicine worldwide for PET/CT tests [3,4]. Over the past few decades, clinical PET imaging research using 68 Ga has increased tremendously [5]. Researching 68 Ge/68 Ga generator column materials and studying the capability of adsorption and desorption of 68 Ge and 68 Ga radionuclides represent an urgent scientific need of the involved community. Most column adsorbents acting as the core elements of the 68 Ge/68 Ga generator use metal oxides [10]
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