Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac, metoprolol, estrone and chloramphenicol was tested in the tube reactor using different commercially available TiO2. The photocatalysts were characterized using BET, XRD and SEM. The studied photocatalysts differed in SBET, pore volume and rutile presence. It was observed that generally anatase TiO2 possessed the highest activity in the photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac, chloramphenicol and estrone. The presence of rutile enhanced the photooxidation of metoprolol. In case of the other pollutants, however, rutile diminished the photooxidation efficiency. The most effective in the reduction of the COD parameter of treated water was anatase with 21 nm crystals. The photooxidation of all studied pollutants can be described by the pseudo-first order kinetics with the values ranging from 0.46 × 10−2 min−1 in case of estrone removal over Tytanpol (Z.A. Police, Poland) to 1.87 × 10−2 min−1 for the removal of chloramphenicol over TiO2 21 nm (Sigma-Aldrich). The highest initial reaction rates were obtained for metoprolol removal over TiO2 21 nm (Sigma-Aldrich) 1.9 × 10−6 mol dm3 min−1 being three times higher than that determined for estrone photocatalytic oxidation over TiO2 (Sigma-Aldrich).
Highlights
In the resent years there is observed a great progress in the field of photocatalytic studies (Friedmann et al 2010; Herrmann 2010) and the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in the remediation of contaminated air, water and soil
Beside AOPs, heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained the attention as promising technique that can be used as alternatives or as a complement to conventional wastewater treatment
The main aim of the studies though was the determination of the catalytic activity of wall-deposited TiO2 photocatalysts in the removal of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) belonging to different therapeutic class of pharmaceuticals
Summary
In the resent years there is observed a great progress in the field of photocatalytic studies (Friedmann et al 2010; Herrmann 2010) and the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in the remediation of contaminated air, water and soil. Beside AOPs, heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained the attention as promising technique that can be used as alternatives or as a complement to conventional wastewater treatment (polishing step) It enables the mineralization of completely recalcitrant contaminants (including organics, inorganics, metals and pathogens) into CO2, H2O and small amount of simple inorganic compounds. Many of PPCPs are not new chemicals and have been present in wastewater for many decades but only they are being recognized as potentially significant water pollutants. Depending on their properties, PPCPs can enter the aquatic environment or remain adsorbed on solid particles through electrostatic forces. The main aim of the studies though was the determination of the catalytic activity of wall-deposited TiO2 photocatalysts in the removal of PPCPs belonging to different therapeutic class of pharmaceuticals
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