Abstract
Commercial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered as toxic to the environment since they induce side effects when consumed by humans or aquatic life. Ibuprofen is a member of the NSAID family and is widely used as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller agent. Photolysis is a potentially important method of degradation for several emerging contaminants, and individual compounds can undergo photolysis to various degrees, depending on their chemical structure. The efficiency oftitanium dioxide (TiO2) and photocatalysis was investigated for the removal of ibuprofen from the aquatic environment, and the performance of these different processes was evaluated. In heterogeneous photocatalysis, two experiments were carried out using TiO2 as (i) dispersed powder, and (ii) TiO2 immobilized on the active surface of commercial coated glass. The kinetics of each photoreaction was determined, and the identification of the photoproducts was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR MS). The overall results suggest that the TiO2 active thin layer immobilized on the glass substrate can avoid recovery problems related to the use of TiO2 powder in heterogeneous photocatalysis and may be a promising tool toward protecting the environment from emerging contaminants such as ibuprofen and its derivatives.
Highlights
Emerging contaminants resulting from the presence and circulation of pharmaceuticals (PhCs) were the focus of many environmental chemists over the last few decades
The degradation of IBP occurred as a result of a photo-irradiation of the semiconductor, causing an electron transfer to the conduction band which subsequently formed a hole in the valence band, which led to photo-induced charge separation on the semiconductor surface and an exchange of electrons on the water semiconductor interface
In the photocatalysis experiment with TiO2 -coated active glass, the reaction was apparently slower than degradation obtained using TiO2 powder, but a satisfactory depletion of IBP and its derivatives was reached in approximately the same time
Summary
Emerging contaminants resulting from the presence and circulation of pharmaceuticals (PhCs) were the focus of many environmental chemists over the last few decades. The growing awareness of the risk arising fromofthe occurrence such of toxic organic contaminants other advanced oxidation processes for efficientofdestruction of organic compounds that the aquatic environment promoted(AOPs), the development technologies, such as toxic photodegradation, and exist in water and wastewater, including. Oxidation and reduction processes are promoted by photo-generated charge carriers resulting from the excitation of TiO2 via photons with higher energy This kind of photocatalysis is utilized to purify water [8,16,17,18,19]. Et al (1998) reported the presence of cobalt oxide in a concentration of less than 75 μg/g [24], whereas we did not succeed in detecting any amount of cobalt oxide using our technique It is Elemental Composition of the Core Glass. Anatase is considered a more efficient photocatalyst than rutile because efficiency is improved by the presence of Fe3 O4 , which favors the formation of multiple band gaps, enlarging the wavelength range that can be absorbed by the glass surface [22,23]
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