Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium phosphate treatment on the bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by anodic oxidation, pre-calcification treatment, and heat treatment. Anodic oxidation were performed to increase specific surface area and form nanotubular TiO₂ layer (AH). After that, pre-calcification treatment was carried out in NaH2PO4 solution and Ca(OH)₂ saturated solution for 10 cycles (APH 10) and 30 cycles (APH 30) to induce the precipitation of calcium phosphates on surface. Additionally, the specimens were heat treated for structural stability and elimination of remaining impurities. The nanotubes were shown densely on the AH group. APH 10 and 30 groups showed the precipitated calcium phosphate on the nanotubular TiO₂ layer, but the APH 30 group showed more precipitation of calcium phosphate. Additionally, APH 10 and 30 groups showed the precipitation of HAp after immersion in SBF for 3 days. Compared to the untreated group, the surface treatment groups (AH, APH 10, and APH 30) showed a significant increase in surface roughness (p 0.05), and the APH 30 group showed the highest surface roughness. Contact angle was decreased significantly in the surface treated groups compared to the untreated group (p 0.05), and wettability was highest in APH 30 group. Consequently, we found out that APH 30 group greatly improved bioactivity by formation of nanotubular TiO₂ layer and HAp precipitation.
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