Abstract
Improved densification during the conventional sintering of KNbO 3 ceramics was achieved by using small additions of TiO 2. This improved densification can be explained on the basis of high-temperature chemical reactions in the system. X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy were used in combination with diffusion-couple experiments in order to elucidate the chemical reactions between KNbO 3 and TiO 2. TiO 2 reacts with KNbO 3 forming KNbTiO 5, and a low concentration of Ti incorporates in the KNbO 3 structure resulting in the formation of oxygen vacancies and, consequently, in an improvement in the densification. At ∼1037 °C eutectic melting between the KNbO 3 and the KNbTiO 5 further improves the densification of the KNbO 3 ceramics.
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