Tiny transporters: how exosomes and calcineurin signaling regulate miR-23a levels during muscle atrophy. Focus on “miR-23a is decreased during muscle atrophy by a mechanism that includes calcineurin signaling and exosome-mediated export”

Abstract

skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by an increase in protein degradation that is accomplished through a variety of cellular mechanisms. Significant attention has been given to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and to expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle-specific RING finger-1 (MuRF1)