Tiny messengers, big results: A review of exosome-mediated treatments and considerations in dermatology

Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play an important role in intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. They have emerged as relevant research areas due to their involvement in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the potential applications of exosome-based therapies in dermatology and examines the safety aspects of these treatments. Past research has demonstrated that exosomes may effectively treat conditions such as alopecia and accelerate wound healing by stimulating hair follicle growth and enhancing tissue regeneration. Studies have shown that exosomes can promote the proliferation of dermal papilla cells and hair follicle growth in cases of alopecia. They also accelerate wound healing by modulating processes involved in inflammation, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. However, more research is needed to fully characterize the long-term safety profile of exosomes and establish standardized clinical protocols. Both human-derived and plant-derived exosomes appear to have favorable safety profiles based on current evidence, though plant sources may offer advantages in terms of production and biocompatibility. Continued exploration of exosomes’ mechanisms and potential risks will optimize these innovations and offer safe, effective exosome treatments to patients. While further research is warranted, current findings provide valuable insights into the applications of exosome therapy for dermatological conditions and its emerging role in precision medicine.