Abstract
Conventional plasma jets for biomedical applications tend to have several drawbacks, such as high voltages, high gas delivery, large plasma probe volume, and the formation of discharge within the organ. Therefore, it is challenging to employ these jets inside a living organism’s body. Thus, we developed a single-electrode tiny plasma jet and evaluated its use for clinical biomedical applications. We investigated the effect of voltage input and flow rate on the jet length and studied the physical parameters of the plasma jet, including discharge voltage, average gas and subject temperature, and optical emissions via spectroscopy (OES). The interactions between the tiny plasma jet and five subjects (de-ionized (DI) water, metal, cardboard, pork belly, and pork muscle) were studied at distances of 10 mm and 15 mm from the jet nozzle. The results showed that the tiny plasma jet caused no damage or burning of tissues, and the ROS/RNS (reactive oxygen/nitrogen species) intensity increased when the distance was lowered from 15 mm to 10 mm. These initial observations establish the tiny plasma jet device as a potentially useful tool in clinical biomedical applications.
Highlights
Plasma is the fourth state of matter, which is the most energetic and abundant state of matter, comprising over 99% of the universe’s matter [1].What makes the plasma unique is its gaseous combination of electrons, ions, and neutral species in both fundamental and excited states [2]
The properties of plasma change depending on the source and amount of energy supplied, and plasma is divided into thermal and non-thermal plasma according to the Maxwell–Boltzmann thermodynamic equilibrium [3]
The efficiency of cold atmospheric plasma devices (CAP) for biomedical applications mainly relies on its many components, such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [18,19,20]
Summary
Plasma is the fourth state of matter (solid, liquid, gas, and plasma), which is the most energetic and abundant state of matter, comprising over 99% of the universe’s matter [1]. The conventional form of CAP is not applicable for such in vivo biomedical applications, especially cancer therapy, due to major drawbacks, including high voltages, plasma jet Processes 2021, 9, 249. The conventional form of CAP is not applicable for such in vivo biomedical applications, especially cancer therapy, due to major drawbacks, including high voltages, volume, reactive species delivery, the discharge formationformation within the organthe [21]. Plasma jet volume, reactive speciesand delivery, and the discharge within orTo mitigate problems, we developed a single-electrode tiny plasma device gan [21]. The single-electrode tiny plasma plasmajet jetdevice device(Figure It conconsisted of a powered needle electrode connected to a high voltage transformer, all sisted of a powered needle electrode connected to a high voltage transformer, all concontained within a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) housing (TAZ 6 from LulzBot, Fargo, tained within a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) housing (TAZ 6 from LulzBot, Fargo, ND, USA).
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