Abstract
Tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance are challenging clinical phenomena. Decreased sound tolerance consists of hyperacusis, in which negative reactions to a sound depend only on its physical characteristics, and misophonia, where negative reactions occur to sounds that have a specific pattern and meaning for a given subject. Tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance affect a substantial proportion of general population. They frequently coexist not only with each other but with hearing loss as well, and need to be treated concurrently to achieve a successful outcome. This article outlines potential mechanisms of tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance and describes their treatment, with an emphasis on the neurophysiological model of tinnitus and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT).
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