Timing performance and gain degradation after irradiation with protons and neutrons of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes based on a shallow and broad multiplication layer in a float-zone [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] thick silicon substrate

Abstract

The high-luminosity upgrade of the ATLAS and CMS experiments includes dedicated sub-detectors to perform the time-stamping of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). These detectors will be exposed up to fluences in the range of 1.5–2.5×1015neq/cm2 and require a time resolution per detecting layer of 30ps, for non-irradiated sensors, to 50–70ps (depending on the exposed fluences) for sensors at the end of their lifetime. To cope with these requirements, the low-gain avalanche diode (LGAD) has been chosen as the baseline detection technology. In this article, an in-depth radiation tolerance study on LGADs manufactured at IMB-CNM using a so-called shallow junction is presented. Proton irradiation at CERN-PS up to fluences of 3×1015neq/cm2 and neutron irradiation at JSI-Ljubljana up to 2.5×1015neq/cm2 were performed. Two different active thicknesses were studied: 35μm and 50μm. Gain degradation, operation stability, and timing performance were evaluated.