Timing evaluation of a PET detector block based on semi-monolithic LYSO crystals.

Abstract

Detectors for positron emission tomography (PET) typically use two types of scintillation crystals, pixelated or monolithic. A variant of these types of scintillators are the so-called semi-monolithic crystals. They consist of a monolithic crystal segmented in one direction in pieces called slabs. These scintillators have the potential to successfully combine the benefits of pixelated and monolithic configurations, providing good timing and spatial resolutions as well as the capacity to decode the depth of interaction (DOI) information. In this work, the timing performance of a detector based on semi-monolithic crystals was studied in depth. The energy response was also evaluated. The semi-monolithic detector consists of 1 × 24 LYSO slabs of 25.4 × 12 × 0.95 mm3 each. The bottom surface of the slabs is coupled to an array of 8 × 8 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) of 3 × 3 mm2 active area, 50μm cell size and 3.2mm pitch. The 64 output signals were independently readout by the TOFPET2 ASIC. In order to achieve the best coincidence time resolution (CTR), four different time walk corrections were tested. Additional work investigated the best method of combining the timestamps belonging to the same event. The resolvability of the slabs in the measured flood maps improves with the thickness of a light guide placed in between the scintillators and photosensors. The energy resolution does not change significantly with values as good as 13.7%. Regarding the CTR, values of 335.8, 363, 369.8, and 402.5ps have been obtained for the whole detector for no light guide, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm thickness light guide cases, respectively. These values further improve to 276.1, 302.6, 305.6 and 336.2ps, respectively, when energy-weighted averaging of timestamps is applied. We have shown both an excellent timing resolution and good energy resolution for a PET detector based on semi-monolithic crystals. The use of light guides of different thicknesses does not significantly affect the energy resolution of the whole detector, but the timing capabilities slightly worsen with the increasing thickness of the light guide.