Timing and Duration of Incarceration and High-Risk Sexual Partnerships Among African Americans in North Carolina

Abstract

Incarceration may contribute to HIV transmission by disrupting stable partnerships and promoting high-risk partnerships. We investigated incarceration and high-risk partnerships among African Americans in North Carolina. We conducted a weighted analysis using the North Carolina Rural Health Project (N = 320), a population-based case-control study of HIV among African Americans. We measured associations between timing and duration of incarceration and high-risk partnerships (multiple partnerships or sex trade for money or drugs). Duration of incarceration appeared to be more important than how long ago incarceration occurred. After adjustment for sociodemographic indicators, high-risk partnerships were associated with short-term (<1 month) incarceration of the respondent versus no respondent incarceration (men: adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-2.8; women: aPR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2-8.3). High-risk partnerships also were associated with incarceration of a partner versus no partner incarceration (men: aPR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0; women: aPR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.8). Among men, associations remained when adjusting for substance use. Among women, adjustment for substance use weakened estimates due to the strong correlation between substance use and incarceration. HIV-prevention programs targeting currently and formerly incarcerated individuals and their partners may decrease HIV in African American communities with high incarceration rates.