Abstract
Using a multi-dimensional three-week household time-use and activity diary, this study aims to investigate the interaction between time-use and activity travel participation, built environment, leisure-time physical activity, travel parameters, and physical intensity on physical and social health. The relationship between time-use and activity travel participation is complex. Therefore, physical activity (PA) intensity is assumed to intermediate the relationship between endogenuous and exogenous variables. This study use a comprehensive set of data that was collected at a household level for twenty-one (21) consecutive days. A total of 732 individuals and 191 households were recorded, representing 0.029% total population of Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA). The data analyzed with descriptive and linear regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 26.0.0 software (IBM: Armonk, NY, USA). An advanced model, such as the hierarchical Structural Equation Model (SEM), is used to validate the relationship between activity patterns and health parameters. The estimated results indicate that a minute increase in public transport mode has an 8.8% positive correlation with physical health and 9.0% with social health. Furthermore, an increase in the one-minute duration of in-home maintenance and out-of-home leisure activities are positively correlated by 2.9% and 3.2%, respectively, with moderate-intensity PA and by 4.5% and 1.8% strenuous-intensity PA. Additionally, high accessibility and availability of basic amenities at a walkable distance and using auxiliary time in social activities are significantly correlated with better physical and social health. Moreover, this study adopted multidisciplinary approaches for better transport policy and a healthier society with a better quality of life.
Highlights
The purposes of this study is to describe such data collection, which clearly shows the interaction of activity and health in the Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) of Indonesia
The endogenous variable was supposed to interact with the time-use and activity travel participation, trip and travel parameters, and average time engaged with social activities on physical and social health in a multivariate manner
The current research uses physical activity intensity (PAI) at work as a mediation variable to investigate the relationship between time-use and activity-travel participation (ATP) and health parameters in BMA, Indonesia
Summary
In the scientific area of research, theories play a crucial role typically in transport geography and travel behaviour research, which describes activity-travel participation such as physical, social, economic, and geographic [1]. The time-geographical framework is a broader and powerful perspective that analyses human behaviour [2]. The time geography theory, called the time-space prism theory, was introduced by Hägerstrand in the (1970s) to describe the spatio-temporal constraints under which individuals make activity and travel decisions [3]. The time-space prism theory works on three things: needs, resources, and constraints [4]. Needs and desires are the human necessities that can influence an individual to undertake and participate in an activity [5], whereas resources
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