Abstract
Background: Effective training depends on knowledge of a sport's requirements. Small-sided games (SSG) are a spontaneous form of specific training, where exercise intensity can be manipulated mainly by modifying external factors. In SSG the players develop technical and tactical skills in the similar situations, such as during a match and can also develop their physical skills. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the distance covered and physiological response of altering the number of youth male players during small-sided team handball games with modified rules. Methods: The subjects consisted of 12 male youth team handball players (age 16.6 ± 0.5 years) playing the first league for youth male players in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted during six weeks (one training session per week). Only three SSG were played in each training session. The SSG were played, first with five players on each side (5 vs. 5), then four (4 vs. 4), then three (3 vs. 3). Each game was four minutes long, followed by three minutes of passive rest. Results: The players covered the greatest distance (520.6 ± 61.4 m) in the SSG 3 vs. 3. There was a difference in the distance covered between players in the 3 vs. 3 SSG and the other SSG (4 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 5) (p = .041 and p = .043, respectively). In individual speed zones a difference occurred only in the first and third speed zone and always among the 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5 SSG (p = .034 and p = .044), respectively. The highest average intensity (87.9 ± 4.8% HRmax) was in 3 vs. 3 SSG. Loading of the players in 5 vs. 5 was lower compared to 4 vs. 4 (p = .035) and 3 vs. 3 (p 90% HRmax) between 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5 SSG (p = .041). Conclusions: These results indicate that changing the number of players during SSG with modified rules in youth team handball may be used to manipulate the physiological response during youth team handball training.
Highlights
Team handball is an Olympic sport played throughout the world
The greatest total distance covered by Small-sided games (SSG) players was in the 3 vs. 3 game (Table 1), there was a difference in the 4 vs. 4 SSG (p = .041) and 5 vs. 5 SSG (p = .002) in the total distance covered
Loading of the players in 5 vs. 5 was difference lower compared to 4 vs. 4 (p = .035) and 3 vs. 3 (p < .001)
Summary
Team handball is an Olympic sport played throughout the world. Each team handball team consists of sixteen players with only seven players on the playing area (six outfield players and one goalkeeper). Male team handball players covered a total distance of 3,627 ± 568 m (group means ± SD) per match with a total effective playing time of 53.9 ± 5.9 minutes, while full-time (60 minutes playing time) male handball players covered 3,945 ± 538 m. Players showed 36.9 ± 13.1 (group mean ± SD) high-intense technical playing actions per match with a mean total effective playing time of 53.9 ± 5.9 minutes. Small-sided games (SSG) are a spontaneous form of specific training, where exercise intensity can be manipulated mainly by modifying external factors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the distance covered and physiological response of altering the number of youth male players during small-sided team handball games with modified rules. Three SSG were played in each training session. Results: The players covered the greatest distance (520.6 ± 61.4 m) in the SSG 3 vs
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