Abstract
Pulp capping material should facilitate hard tissue regeneration on the injured pulp tissue. TheraCal LC (TC) was recently developed. Although TC has shown reliable clinical outcomes after direct pulp capping, there are still remaining concerns regarding its detrimental effect on pulp cells. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the gene expression of human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells exposed to TC compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The cells were cultured and exposed to TC and MTA for 24 and 72 h. Next, total RNA was isolated. QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-sequencing was used to examine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in exposed to TC and MTA. Functional analysis of DEGs was performed using bioinformatics analysis. In gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, cells in TC for 24 h presented significantly enriched immune response (p < 0.001) and inflammatory response (p < 0.01) compared to MTA. TC showed enriched positive regulation of cell migration at 72 h (p < 0.001). In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction (p = 1.19 × 10−7) and calcium signaling pathway (p = 2.96 × 10−5) were confirmed in the shared DEGs in TC. In conclusion, DEGs in TC may be involved in pathways associated with osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic differentiation.
Highlights
Vital pulp therapy is a dental terminology that aims to preserve pulp tissue damaged by dental caries or traumatic dental injuries [1]
This study identified diverse gene expression and functional enriched pathways of human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells treated with TheraCal LC (TC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for different durations
Thirty-three significantly enriched pathways involved in TC were predicted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis
Summary
Vital pulp therapy is a dental terminology that aims to preserve pulp tissue damaged by dental caries or traumatic dental injuries [1]. Among possible modalities included in vital pulp therapy, direct pulp capping (DPC) is indicated when the pulp tissue is exposed. DPC is a procedure that applies a pulp capping material onto a pulp exposure site for hard tissue regeneration (reparative dentin formation) [2]. In the case of pulpal exposures, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the pulpal tissue can proliferate and differentiate into odontoblasts, facilitating hard tissue regeneration [3]. DPSCs have potentials to form a hard tissue barrier, pulp capping materials promote hard tissue regeneration and prevent bacterial invasion [4]. Pulp capping materials should be considered on the basis of biocompatibility, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and bioactivity that promotes DPSC activity and pulp tissue healing [5,6,7,8]
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