Abstract
In the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of ship-induced wakes, it is difficult to obtain the Doppler velocity of a Kelvin wake due to the lack of time-varying wake models and suitable radar equipment. The conventional Kelvin wake investigation based on the static Kelvin wake model failed to reflect time-varying characteristics, which are significant in the application of the Kelvin wake model. Therefore, a time-varying Kelvin wake model with consideration of geometric time-varying characteristics and the hydrodynamic equation is proposed in this paper, which reflects the wake’s time-varying change lacking in the conventional Kelvin wake investigation. The Doppler velocity measurement, measured by a specially designed radar, can be exploited to verify the time-varying model by the comparison of velocity fields. Ground-based multi-input multi-output (MIMO) millimeter wave radar imaging through the simultaneous switching of transceiver channels was used to obtain the Doppler velocity for the first time. Finally, promising results have been achieved, which are in good agreement with our proposed model in consideration of the experimental scene. The proposed time-varying model and radar equipment provide velocity measurements for the Kelvin wake observation, which contains huge application potential.
Highlights
Ship-induced Kelvin wakes have been proved to be more visible than the ships with low radar cross section (RCS) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, which is of great significance to sea surface target detection and identification as well as the parameter inversions
A time-varying model based on the original Kelvin wake model and the velocity simulation of the new model have been investigated in detail
The wave height and radial velocity images of the ship-generated Kelvin wake can be calculated with the time-varying model
Summary
Ship-induced Kelvin wakes have been proved to be more visible than the ships with low radar cross section (RCS) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, which is of great significance to sea surface target detection and identification as well as the parameter inversions. Analyzed the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of Kelvin wakes on the rough sea surface with the help of the Integral Equation Model (IEM). Previous simulation and experiments of Kelvin wakes are based on the static model as well, which is difficult to reflect time-varying characteristics. Most of imaging radars in previous experiments of the Kelvin wake focused on static observations without the ability to observe time-varying characteristics, such as Doppler velocity. The formulation of the time-varying Kelvin wake model based on the original Kelvin wake model is investigated and the accuracy of the model is proved by the velocity observation experiment in this paper.
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