Time trends in cancer and dementia related hospital admissions among Medicare fee-for-service population, 2013–2018

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Cancer and dementia are two complicated morbidities that are commonly found in older adults and require substantial healthcare resources.[ [1] Caba Y. et al. The impact of dementia on cancer treatment decision-making, cancer treatment, and mortality: a mixed studies review. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021; 5: 1-18 Crossref Google Scholar , [2] McWilliams L. et al. A systematic review of the prevalence of comorbid cancer and dementia and its implications for cancer-related care. Aging Ment Health. 2017; : 1-18 Google Scholar ] Caring for patients with the co-presence of cancer and dementia, who suffer from impaired cognitive function with complex medical needs, is challenging for clinicians, caregivers, and healthcare systems. With the aging US population, the increasing number of older adults with these two comorbid conditions is likely to place a high demand on hospitals. Meanwhile, the shift of care delivery from inpatient to settings such as outpatient and homes, increasing reliance on family caregivers, and improved community care support may help reduce unnecessary hospitalizations.[ 3 2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures Alzheimers Dement. 2021; 17: 327-406 Crossref PubMed Scopus (739) Google Scholar , 4 Federman A.D. et al. Association of a bundled hospital-at-home and 30-day postacute transitional care program with clinical outcomes and patient experiences. JAMA Intern Med. 2018; 178: 1033-1040 Crossref PubMed Scopus (88) Google Scholar , 5 Handley N.R. Bekelman J.E. The oncology hospital at home. J Clin Oncol. 2019; 37: 448-452 Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar ] It is important to understand the pattern of hospitalization, which is one of the major drivers of healthcare costs and high financial and caregiving burden for patients and their families, among the growing population with cancer and dementia. While there has been extensive research on the incidence, prevalence, and healthcare utilization among older adults with either cancer or dementia, existing literature examining older adults with both conditions is scarce and limited in scope. [ [1] Caba Y. et al. The impact of dementia on cancer treatment decision-making, cancer treatment, and mortality: a mixed studies review. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2021; 5: 1-18 Crossref Google Scholar , [2] McWilliams L. et al. A systematic review of the prevalence of comorbid cancer and dementia and its implications for cancer-related care. Aging Ment Health. 2017; : 1-18 Google Scholar , [6] Kedia S.K. et al. Health care utilization among elderly medicare beneficiaries with coexisting dementia and cancer. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2017; 3 (p. 2333721416689042) Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , [7] Liu B. et al. Trends of hospitalizations among patients with both cancer and dementia diagnoses in New York 2007-2017. Healthc (Amst). 2021; 9100565 Google Scholar ] In particular, no national estimates exist regarding the hospitalization rates among older adults with comorbid cancer and dementia. To fill this gap, we examined the national and state-level trends in hospitalization rates among Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries with the co-presence of a major cancer (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal) and dementia diagnoses. We hypothesized a growing trend of inpatient use among this population during the years 2013–2018. Due to the heterogeneity in cancer-specific prognosis and treatment, we also examined the trend of hospitalizations among this population by cancer types.