Abstract

본 연구의 목적인 도시와 농촌의 학업성취 격차의 시계열적 추세를 파악해보고 그 원인을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2000~2012년의 PISA 1차~5차 자료를 활용하여 도농 간 평균 읽기 학업성취도의 차이를 파악하였다. 아울러 Oaxaca-Blinder 분해법을 통해 도농 학업성취 격차를 투입 요소의 양에 의한 부존량 효과와 기타 설명되지 않은 효과로 나누었다. 분석 결 과, 도농 학업성취 격차는 2006년(3차)에 정점을 찍은 후 크게 감소하였다. 동시에 농촌 지역 학생들의 평균 학업성취는 2000년의 502.08점에서 2012년의 526.38점으로 꾸준히 증가하는 모습을 보였다. 한편 Oaxaca-Blinder 분해 결과, 부존량 효과, 예를 들면 투입 요소의 하나인 부모의 사회경제적 지위의 높고 낮음에 의한 것이 기타 설명되지 않은 효과를 압도하 였다. 또한 부존량 효과의 50~70%가 학생 개인 및 가정 수준 변수들의 기여분인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부존량 효과의 큰 부분이 학생 개인 및 가정 요인에 의한것임을 고려하면 교육정책만으로는 도농간 학업성취 격차를 근본적으로 해소하는 데에는 한계가 있을 것이다.The purpose of this study is to find the time trend of urban-rural performance gap and to analyze its cause. To do this, I have compared the average reading performance of city and rural area students by first to fifth waves of PISA data. And using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, the overall performance difference is decomposed to endowment effect(explained part) and unexplained part. As a result, the urban-rural difference has been incrementally reduced after it was peaked in 2006, and the average performance of students in rural areas has continuously improved from 502.08 in 2000 to 526.38 in 2012. And the overall difference was decomposed to explained and unexplained parts by Oaxaca-Blinder method. As a consequence, the endowment effect, for example, because of different level of socio-economic status of urban and rural areas, is dominant. And regarding such explained part, students individual and family factors occupied about 50~70%. These results suggest that educational policies toward redemptive equality seems to have positive effect to reduce urban-rural difference. But such policies for school have limited effect if students individual and family factors are ignored.

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