Abstract
Introducing neural sensing and decoding to open-loop neurostimulation technologies has the potential to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of diseases treated through bioelectronic medicine. Chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays (MEA) can be used for such neural sensing and are critical for obtaining data of high spatial and temporal resolution to provide accurate decoding. Signals recorded from these arrays include local field potentials (LFP), and multiunit (MU) and single-unit (SU) activity. LFP offer signal stability over time, but at the expense of decreased spatial resolution. SU activity, on the other hand, offers better spatial resolution, but is considered less stable in chronic applications. MU activity, which represents an aggregate spiking activity of a population of neurons on the order of several hundred microns away from the recording tip, is considered a signal that can offer a compromise between the two signals. Here we used a wavelet decomposition method to extract and characterize the LFP, MU and SU signals obtained from a 96-channel MEA implanted in the motor cortex of a nonhuman primate over a 7.5-month period. We observed that not only are the MU signals more stable over time compared with SU activity, but that they are also significantly less correlated among electrodes compared with LFP over the spatial scale of the implanted array. Histological analysis of tissue sections also revealed a 51% reduction in the number of neuronal cell bodies within a radius around the electrode tips of the implanted tissue compared with control tissue. Our results indicate that MU activity offers long-term signal stability with less correlated signals, potentially providing an effective signal for neural sensing in bioelectronic medicine.
Highlights
Bioelectronic medicine is a rapidly growing discipline where the aim is to develop technologies and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases through neurostimulation and neurosensing in the central and peripheral nervous system
Our results indicate that MU signals offer a balance between long-term signal stability and unique information content, and could provide an effective signal for long-term neural sensing and decoding in bioelectronic medicine
Signals in the MU frequency subbands were significantly less correlated compared with those in the local field potential (LFP) subbands, but coherence in the MU subbands was low even between neighboring electrodes. These results suggest that MU activity can offer improved spatial resolution for neural decoding compared with LFP activity
Summary
Bioelectronic medicine is a rapidly growing discipline where the aim is to develop technologies and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases through neurostimulation and neurosensing in the central and peripheral nervous system. Planted neural interfaces may be used for such neural sensing and are critical for obtaining data of high spatial and temporal resolution; it is crucial to understand their signal recording characteristics over time. Current neural interfaces such as multielectrode arrays (MEA) can utilize a number of neural signals for decoding and control. These signals include local field potential (LFP), multiunit (MU) and single-unit (SU) activity [2,3]. Inflammatory tissue responses, which result in the formation of an insulative glial sheath around the recording electrodes, and subsequent local neurodegeneration, have been suggested as the primary reasons for SU signal degra-
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