Abstract
Current development of Pakistan’s economy, transportation and industry with the improvement of urbanization, environmental pollution problems have gradually become prominent, but this is contrary to people’s vision of pursuing a high-quality life. Now the problem of haze, photochemical problems in the air, and global warming is already a key issue of global concern. This is focused on the ambient air quality of Lahore city of Pakistan. The study reveals that the particulate matter in the Lahore season (PM2.5, PM10) exceeds Pakistan’s National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Correlation study suggests the positive correlation between the particulate matter and other mass concentration particles like Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Oxide (NO), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Higher values of CO/NO suggest that mobile sources are one of the major factors of this increase in NO. Further estimation of backward trajectory is done by the Hybrid-Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model which provides the path of those particles in the last year period and the source of origin is from Afghanistan. This study provides in depth analysis of all factors of air pollutants by correlation between those factors. Prediction of future concentration of PM2.5 is predicted using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model which gives the increasing value of PM2.5 in next year and provides the lowest and highest predicts (more than $100~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ ).
Highlights
The quality of the atmospheric environment is an important condition for the long-term survival of humans on earth
The average annual concentration of PM2.5 in Lahore exceeds the standard of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan which is 15μgm-3
Particulate matter (PM2.5/10) was significantly correlated with nitrogen oxides (NO2) (R2=0.232 and 0.276; p-value = 0.00073 and 0.00021). It can be inferred from this graph that sources other than automobiles contribute to the primary and secondary particulate matter (PM2.5/10) in the atmosphere (because of the correlation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) mainly comes from automobiles)
Summary
The quality of the atmospheric environment is an important condition for the long-term survival of humans on earth. In November 2019, three teenagers sought legal action against the government of Punjab, for the “violation of their fundamental right to a clean and healthy environment” demanding urgent action be taken [39] Another Lahore study shows that children living and attending school in a very high PM2.5 region had a significantly higher blood pressure compared to children with less exposure [46]. [41] used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict air quality time series data and assessed its application in air quality management decision making They identified the importance of temperature, humidity, and precipitation on the spatial variability of air pollutant concentrations. We use a time series model for the prediction of particulate matter concentrations
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
