Abstract
BackgroundTime-restricted feeding is an emerging dietary intervention that is becoming increasingly popular. There are, however, no randomised clinical trials of time-restricted feeding in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. Here, we explored the effects of time-restricted feeding on glycaemic regulation and weight changes in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes over 12 weeks.MethodsOverweight adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 120) were randomised 1:1 to two diet groups: time-restricted feeding (n = 60) or control (n = 60). Sixty patients participated in a 10-h restricted feeding treatment program (ad libitum feeding from 8:00 to 18:00 h; fasting between 18:00 and 8:00 h) for 12 weeks.ResultsHaemoglobin A1c and body weight decreased in the time-restricted feeding group (− 1.54% ± 0.19 and − 2.98 ± 0.43 kg, respectively) relative to the control group over 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance changed in the time-restricted feeding group (0.73 ± 0.21, p = 0.005; − 0.51 ± 0.08, p = 0.02, respectively) compared with the control group. The medication effect score, SF-12 score, and the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were improved in the time-restricted feeding group (− 0.66 ± 0.17, p = 0.006; 5.92 ± 1.38, p < 0.001; − 0.23 ± 0.08 mmol/L, p = 0.03; − 0.32 ± 0.07 mmol/L, p = 0.01; − 0.42 ± 0.13 mmol/L, p = 0.02, respectively) relative to the control group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionThese results suggest that 10-h restricted feeding improves blood glucose and insulin sensitivity, results in weight loss, reduces the necessary dosage of hypoglycaemic drugs and enhances quality of life. It can also offer cardiovascular benefits by reducing atherosclerotic lipid levels.Trial registration: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-15006371).
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus has become an important global public health issue; it imposes a huge economic burden on the global healthcare system of $827 billion a year
In all participant and completion analyses, there was no significant difference between the 10-h time-restricted feeding (TRF) group and the control group in terms of primary outcome measures or any secondary outcome measure
Our results showed that the control group had slight improvements in related indicators due to medications, while the TRF group had more significant improvements, which was consistent with our expectations
Summary
Diabetes mellitus has become an important global public health issue; it imposes a huge economic burden on the global healthcare system of $827 billion a year. 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with being overweight or obese. This crisis will continue until a solution is found [1, 2]. The positive effects of CR on longevity and health have been demonstrated in many model organisms, such as fruit flies, mice and primates [4,5,6]. Time-restricted feeding is an emerging dietary intervention that is becoming increasingly popular. There are, no randomised clinical trials of time-restricted feeding in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. We explored the effects of time-restricted feeding on glycaemic regulation and weight changes in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes over 12 weeks
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