Time Poverty in Perspectives of Divine Economics Framework: An Empirical Analysis of District Chakwal

Abstract

Time is a limited product for every person. Nowadays time poverty is an emerging issue and symptom of more fundamental problems. A man is said to be time-poor if he/she is not able to allocate their time properly among all the activities, which leads to poor health, mental stress, low productivity and reduced wellbeing. The essential target of the review is to investigate the effect of time poverty from the perspectives of the divine economics framework. The existing empirical study took a unique element to enlighten time poverty. The work done in the present study is attractive in the sense that no study has been carried out to analyze the impact of religiosity, religious beliefs, spirituality, spiritual deeds and ethical values in contrast with socio-economic, demographic and labour market indicators to analyze time poverty, and also observed the impact of these factors on the wellbeing of the individuals. Primary data is used in the study. This affiliation acquires wanted data by using the fundamental Divine economics questionnaire survey (2013). During the survey, 406 respondents were interviewed. Composite indexes have been developed for our variables of interest like time poverty, religiosity, spirituality and ethical values. Keeping in view the nature of the dependent variable, the econometric techniques used in the study were ordered logit model and logistic regression after considering the hierarchical nature of the dataset. The results indicate that more religious, spiritual, and ethical persons were found to be less time-poor as compared to others. Age and gender have a significant and negative association with time poverty. The significant association between time poverty and being married shows that marriage increases the amount of time that is devoted to committed activities. Health status, job satisfaction, and occupation are important factors in determining individuals’ wellbeing. More religious, spiritual and ethical awareness needs to be spread among individuals. The Government should introduce appropriate policies regarding working hours and minimum wage rate. To lead a happy and successful life, one should learn the art of time management, not waste time on useless activities, and make schedules and allocate time properly.