Abstract
Objectives: In artwork appreciation situations, individuals often show altered time perception. We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients present movement patterns that have an impact on the time perception of artwork manipulation time. We predicted that, compared to healthy controls (non-PD), differences in the exploratory behavior of patients would evoke alteration of artwork manipulation time perception.Methods: Ten PD patients and 10 non-PD participants manipulated two reproductions of artwork with different complexity levels from the series “Bichos” by Lygia Clark. Subsequently, participants performed a verbal estimation regarding the temporal duration of their manipulations. The exploratory behavior was analyzed.Results: All participants overestimated the artwork manipulation time. However, PD patients, regardless of the artwork’s level of complexity, showed shorter manipulation time and minor time overestimation compared to the non-PD participants. PD patients touched the artworks more often, especially the more complex artworks, than the non-PD participants; in contrast, PD patients moved the artworks less often, particularly the less complex artwork.Conclusion: PD patients showed an altered perception of artwork manipulation time. This suggests that exploratory behavior influenced temporal estimation. Besides, it is likely that PD patients had presented a decreased ability to manage attention during the task, which interfered in the cognitive reconstruction of its duration. Considered altogether, these appointments indicate that, as a result of cognitive and motor deficits, PD patients showed impairment in temporal information processing. The exploratory behavior facilitated the understanding of these results and processes in terms of motor-timing operations of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical system.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by present motor alterations such as tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability; notwithstanding, non-motor manifestation may be present, such as autonomic nervous system disorder, cognitive, psychiatric, and sleep alteration, and sensory symptoms (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016; Schapira et al, 2017; Artwork Time Perception by ParkinsoniansTarakad and Jankovic, 2017)
We compared PD patients and non-PD participants performance carrying out two different comparisons: less complex stimulus and more complex stimulus
There was a significant effect of group to the time spent to manipulate the more complex artwork (U = 18,000, p = 0.015, r = 0.321), but not for less complex
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by present motor alterations such as tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability; notwithstanding, non-motor manifestation may be present, such as autonomic nervous system disorder, cognitive, psychiatric, and sleep alteration, and sensory symptoms (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016; Schapira et al, 2017; Artwork Time Perception by ParkinsoniansTarakad and Jankovic, 2017). Investigations on the neural mechanisms of temporal processing point to convergent results of studies in animals and humans that indicate temporal perception is dependent on the activation of basal ganglia and its thalamus-cortical path dependence on dopamine (Matell and Meck, 2004; Bakhurin et al, 2017; Emmons et al, 2017). This neural network is involved in mechanisms associated with the voluntary action (Harrington and Jahanshahi, 2016). It is likely that some of the contradictory findings reported in the literature on PD patients’ perception of time” may be explained by the motor action required (Jones et al, 2008)
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