Abstract
Well control techniques are used in oil and gas drilling operations to control bottom hole pressure and avoid any fluid influx from formation to the well. These techniques are highly important near the pay zone in term of time. Controlling formation fluid pressure and thereby the formations behavior in a predictable fashion will help toward more optimized environmental friendly drilling operation. Time consumed to control the formation fluid pressure will range between few hours to many days. This paper discusses hydrostatic pressure distribution and changes near the pay zone for one oil blocks in Kurdistan, in the northern part of Iraq. Obtaining homogeneous increase in some drilling fluid properties will help the engineer to better interpret sampling of the lithological columns and reduce potential hole problems and operation time.
Highlights
Implementing well control circulating techniques are the first and most proper responses to changes in pressures downhole
Well control techniques are used in oil and gas drilling operations to control bottom hole pressure and avoid any fluid influx from formation to the well
Controlling formation fluid pressure and thereby the formations behavior in a predictable fashion will help toward more optimized environmental friendly drilling operation
Summary
Implementing well control circulating techniques are the first and most proper responses to changes in pressures downhole. Expanding uncontrolled, displacing fluid from the well leads to further reducing Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) and allowing more kick fluid to enter the circulating path. Gas behavior and immiscibility depend on the type of fluid in use, pressure, temperature, pH, and the amount of time that the gas is exposed to the drilling mud. Acting in time to changes in drilling fluid, fluid flow, pump pressure and speed, string rotation and pit gains needs quite close monitoring [4]. In general formation pressure (FP), hydrostatic pressure (HP) and circulating friction are constant during the initial stages of well control; the only way to change pressure will be by choke manipulation. Choke adjustments depend on the frictional properties of different fluids that go through it like the type of fluid, the rate of fluid flow, fluid density, fluid viscosity and gel strength. The two-main controlling the borehole pressure are circulating and non-circulating methods
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