Time of Observation in Xenobiotic Ingestions in Children: Is 6 Hours Too Long?

Abstract

Children endure a prolonged observation after xenobiotic ingestions, despite low associated morbidity and mortality. The primary objective was to describe the management and outcomes of acute xenobiotic exposures in asymptomatic pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). A secondary objective was to explore the impact of vital signs on the patients' management and outcomes. We conducted a retrospective review of asymptomatic children (younger than 18 years) presenting to a pediatric ED after a toxic ingestion from 2014 to 2018. Ingestions of hydrocarbons, acetaminophen, salicylates, sulfonylureas, caustic, and/or extended release agents were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted. Of 2817 charts, we identified 109 asymptomatic patients with a mean age of 4.7 years. The average observation from registration to disposition was 4.06 hours. Five patients were admitted and were subsequently discharged within 24 hours. Of the discharged patients, 2 returned within 72 hours and were subsequently discharged home. A total of 321 asymptomatic patients presented with ≥1 abnormal vital signs (mean age, 6.6 years) and were observed in the ED for an average of 4.54 hours. They had a higher percentage of ingestions related to suicide attempts (odds ratio, 6.8). Twenty-two were admitted. Of those discharged home, 11 returned to the ED within 72 hours; all were subsequently discharged home. Prolonged observations may not be necessary after ingestions in asymptomatic children. Vital sign abnormalities at presentation did not impact disposition. Prospective studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this shortened observation.