Abstract
The timing of nitrogen application in oats improves the efficiency of use of the nutrient, expressing the yield and industrial quality of grains. The objective of the study is to indicate the appropriate timing of nitrogen supply on the yield and industrial quality of oat grains, considering the use of low and high dose of nitrogen at sowing and favorable and unfavorable years for cereal growing in soybean/oat system. The experiment was conducted in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2 x 4 factorial, for two doses of nitrogen at sowing (5 and 25 kg ha-1), changing the top dressing dose by the total supplied of 70 kg ha-1, in the expectation grain yield of 4000 kg ha-1, with time of supply at 0, 10, 30 and 60 days after emergence. In an unfavorable and intermediate year for the growing of oats, it is necessary to increase the dose of the nutrient at sowing in order to favor greater amplitude of the time of application in top dressing. In a favorable year, whether low or high, this range of application is guaranteed. Regardless of the reduced and high dose of nitrogen at sowing, the greatest expression of grain and industry yield occurs with the nutrient applied at 30 and 35 days after emergence in an unfavorable year, 35 days in an intermediate year and 40 to 45 days in a favorable year, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionThe use of strategies aimed at increasing the yield and quality of oat grains is decisive
In the globalized market, the use of strategies aimed at increasing the yield and quality of oat grains is decisive
The objective of the study is to indicate the appropriate timing of nitrogen supply on the yield and industrial quality of oat grains, considering the use of low and high dose of nitrogen at sowing and favorable and unfavorable years for cereal growing in soybean/oat system
Summary
The use of strategies aimed at increasing the yield and quality of oat grains is decisive. The dose and timing of nitrogen application are fundamental to increase grain yield and quality (Ma et al, 2017; Marolli et al, 2018). The definition of the nitrogen dose in oats depends on the organic matter content of the soil, the previous crop and the grain yield expectations (Mantai et al, 2016; Silva et al, 2016). The technical indications of oats in Brazil recommend as the fertilization time between the beginning of the tillering (stage V3) and the beginning of the elongation (stage V6), interval around 30 to 60 days after emergence, characterizing the period of greatest demand (Arenhardt et al, 2015; Marolli et al, 2017)
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