Abstract
A synchronous time-of-flight (TOF) technique is employed to make velocity distribution measurements in pulsed supersonic free-jet expansions. For helium expansions, the flow attains a steady–state condition with a terminal Mach number of 80, on a 50-μs time scale. The transient behavior is primarily due to the mechanical action of the valve. For a 650-μs-wide pulse, greater than 95% of the atoms issuing from the pulsed nozzle can be described by the steady-state parameters. However, the velocity dispersion increases at both the leading and trailing edges of the pulse. This dispersion can be quantitatively described by incorporating a time-dependent Mach number into the standard steady-state flux velocity distribution function.
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