Abstract
The time required for establishment of ionization equilibrium in a hot rarefied gas is calculated. It is shown that strong deviations from the state of ionization equilibrium must be expected in chromospheric flares and in supernova remnants. In addition, a galaxy moving in a cluster of galaxies must leave a wake with a nonequilibrium ionization state that exists for more than 10/sup 8/-10/sup 9/ yr.
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