Abstract

The time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation method is an important ranging and positioning technology for indoor localisation and navigation. In this Letter, a novel TOA estimation method for smartphones based on a built-in microphone sensor is proposed, which utilises the propagation delay between optical and acoustic signals to achieve distance estimation. Unlike other TOA estimation technologies based on multi-sensors, a single MEMS microphone of a smartphone is used as the receiving sensor for both optical and acoustic signals, which is beneficial for eliminating the synchronisation error and improving ranging precision. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TOA estimation method is effective and accurate with an average ranging error of <0.29 m under a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1.18 dB for the smartphones tested in this work.

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