Time-Frequency demodulation analysis via Vold-Kalman filter for wind turbine planetary gearbox fault diagnosis under nonstationary speeds

Abstract

Abstract Wind turbine planetary gearbox fault diagnosis under nonstationary speeds is a challenging topic, because of the high complexity and strong time variability of vibration signals. In order to resolve time-varying gear fault features, a quality time-frequency analysis method is in demand. Time-frequency representations based on Hilbert transform and analytic signal approach have fine time-frequency resolution, and are free from both outer (cross-term) and inner (auto-term) interferences, thus providing an effective approach to nonstationary signal analysis. However, they rely on accurate instantaneous frequency estimation, and thereby are subject to mono-component constraint. To address this issue, Vold-Kalman filter is exploited to construct time-frequency representation, by virtue of its capability to decompose the multi-component vibration signal of rotating machinery into constituent mono-component harmonic waves. Even so, intricate time-varying sidebands inherent with raw planetary gearbox vibration signals in joint time-frequency domain are still a hurdle, because they do not link to gear fault frequency directly. To solve this problem, the proposed time-frequency analysis method is further extended to generate time-varying amplitude and frequency demodulated spectra, inspired by the fact that gear fault frequency is manifested straight by the amplitude and frequency modulating frequencies. The proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulation, and is further validated using lab experimental signals of a wind turbine planetary gearbox. Both the localized and distributed faults on gears are successfully diagnosed under nonstationary speeds.