Time evolution and mixing characteristics of hydrogen and ethylene transverse jets in supersonic crossflows

Abstract

We report an experimental investigation that reveals significant differences in the near-flowfield properties of hydrogen and ethylene jets injected into a supersonic crossflow at a similar jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratio. Previously, the momentum flux ratio was found to be the main controlling parameter of the jet’s penetration. Current experiments, however, demonstrate that the transverse penetration of the ethylene jet was altered, penetrating deeper into the freestream than the hydrogen jet even for similar jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratios. Increased penetration depths of ethylene jets were attributed to the significant differences in the development of large-scale coherent structures present in the jet shear layer. In the hydrogen case, the periodically formed eddies persist long distances downstream, while for ethylene injection, these eddies lose their coherence as the jet bends downstream. The large velocity difference between the ethylene jet and the freestream induces enhanced mixing at the jet shear layer as a result of the velocity induced stretching-tilting-tearing mechanism. These new observations became possible by the realization of high velocity and high temperature freestream conditions which could not be achieved in conventional facilities as have been widely used in previous studies. The freestream flow replicates a realistic supersonic combustor environment associated with a hypersonic airbreathing engine flying at Mach 10. The temporal evolution, the penetration, and the convection characteristics of both jets were observed using a fast-framing-rate (up to 100 MHz) camera acquiring eight consecutive schlieren images, while OH planar laser-induced fluorescence was performed to verify the molecular mixing.