Abstract
A numerical simulation of a two-dimensional Gaussian wave packet of charged particles has been performed to investigate the diffraction phenomena from a single-, double-, and multi-slit grating biased with an electrostatic potential (Ve0). The wave packet dynamics are obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger’s equation using the generalized finite difference time domain (GFDTD-Q) method for quantum systems. The effect of Ve0 on transmission properties, fringe pattern, motion of the peaks, and wave number distribution in the diffracted wave has been studied. It is found that Ve0 changes the shape of the quantum point contact of diffracting constriction, which controls the allowed quantum states in the diffracted wave and the transmission coefficient Tc can be tuned by Ve0. It is observed that the number of peaks, their relative intensity, and quantization of lateral wavenumber depend upon Ve0. This study will be helpful in optimizing the parameters for material grating-based matter–wave interferometers employing charged particle such as proton beams.
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