Abstract
Recent studies of time independent scattering from schools of swim bladder fish reveal important differences between the predictions of a mathematical model, which fully incorporates multiple scattering processes between the fish, and a second approach which treats the school as an effective medium with complex sound speed determined by the swim bladder resonance function. In back scattering, both modeling and data comparisons show that the effective medium approach underestimates the scattering amplitude when the fish separation is greater than about a quarter of the incident wavelength. In contrast, comparisons in the forward scattering direction show good agreement. These results are critically significant for time domain investigations of fish school scattering, aimed at using spatial and temporal variations in the acoustic field to study the stochastic behavior of the distribution and motion of the fish ensembles. A simple approach, using the inverse FFT of the school model and effective medium harmonic solutions, again reveals the limitations of the effective medium approach in back scattering. However, to obtain high resolution time sampling, more sophisticated time domain solution techniques based upon numerical integration and perturbation theory approaches are necessary. Both computational studies and data comparisons will be presented. [Research supported by ONR.]
Published Version
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