Abstract
Unsteady three-dimensional flow of an incompressible Oldroyd-B nanomaterial is reported in this article. The origin of flow is time-dependent surface spreading in lateral directions transversely taking nanoparticles with zero mass flux. The formulated partial differential system is reframed by similarity variables into ordinary differential system. The obtained system is solved by the process of homotopy analysis for dimensional temperature and concentration of nanoparticles. Physical parameter behavior on temperature and concentrations of nanoparticles is examined using graph and tabular data. The surface temperature is also measured and evaluated, and it is found that the temperature is reduced for greater unsteadiness parameter values. We found that the higher [Formula: see text] enhances the curves of nanoparticle concentration and temperature while these curves retard for the incrementing values of [Formula: see text] The increasing nature of Brownian movement [Formula: see text] and Lewis number Le corresponds to lower profiles of nanoparticles concentration.
Highlights
Because of many uses in the fields of engineering, manufacturing, and biology, the study of non-Newtonian fluids has become significant in recent years
The consequences of parameters arising such as unsteady parameter A, ratio parameter a, Deborah numbers b1 and b2, thermophoresis Nt, Brownian motion Nb, and Prandtl number Pr on nanoparticle concentration f(z) and temperature u(z) fields are elaborated in this part
To observe the parametric behavior of unsteady constraint A, ratio parameter a, Deborah numbers b1 and b2, Brownian movement Nb, thermophoresis Nt, Prandtl number Pr, and Lewis number Le on nanoparticle concentration f(z) fields, we present Figures 10– 17
Summary
Because of many uses in the fields of engineering, manufacturing, and biology, the study of non-Newtonian fluids has become significant in recent years. The Maxwell fluid is the simplest non-Newtonian rate type material which describes the nature of relaxation time phenomenon. It cannot predict the time effects of retardation. The effects of different thermal conditions on bidirectional stretching boundaries to analyze heat transport with nanoparticles are studied by Ahmad et al.[37] for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid steady and unstable boundary layer flows. Such structure for time-dependent Oldroyd-B nanofluid’s flow has not been previously been published to our knowledge in the literature. Equation (1) is satisfied, and after dimensional analysis, equations (2)–(7) take the form f 000 À f 02 À A z f 00 + f 0 + ðf + gÞf 00
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