Time Dependence of Spin Operators in Finite Heisenberg Linear Chains

Abstract

Numerical calculations of quantum-mechanical time correlation functions are reported for finite Heisenberg linear chains containing up to 10 spin-\textonehalf{} particles. The results, obtained by manipulation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, give Fourier transforms in histogram form. Two-spin correlation functions show a sharp rise near zero frequency and highly non-Gaussian behavior at infinite temperature. The short-time behavior is estimated and compared with classical calculations and other theories. Four-spin functions are calculated and compared with results of a simple decoupling approximation. Spatial Fourier transforms of two-spin functions as needed for neutron scattering cross sections are computed. These are limited to fairly short wavelengths by the finiteness of the system. The temperature dependence of two-spin functions shows a decrease in the near-zero frequency component with decreasing temperature. Computed correlation functions are used to predict the frequency dependence of the ESR linewidth in the linear-chain salt ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{4}$S${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, and comparison is made with experiment. Very good agreement is found using the same exchange constant $J$ as inferred from specific-heat and magnetic-susceptibility data. The Gaussian approximation, on the other hand, is in extremely poor agreement.