Abstract

Intracellular cargo transport by dynein as one of the AAA+ proteins is focused here. Some dynein adaptors such as BICDR and HOOK3 are recently reported to recruit two dynein dimers as a unit, so that the unit can move faster and produce large force, based on the observations using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule experiments using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and optical tweezers. Further, single-molecule experiments revealed that kinesin exhibited a convex-up force-velocity relation, but variety of dynein showed a concave-up curve.

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