Time- and frequency-domain solutions in an optical analogue of Grover's search algorithm

Abstract

We present new results on an optical implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm. This extends previous work in which the transverse spatial mode of a light beam oscillates between a broad initial input shape and a highly localized spike, which reveals the position of the tagged item. The spike reaches its maximum intensity after $\sim\sqrt N$ round trips in a cavity equipped with two phase plates, where $N$ is the ratio of the surface area of the original beam and the area of the phase spot or tagged item. In our redesigned experiment the search space is now two-dimensional. In the time domain we demonstrate for the first time a multiple item search where the items appear directly as bright spots on the images of a gated camera. In a complementary experiment we investigate the searching cavity in the frequency domain. The oscillatory nature of the search algorithm can be seen as a splitting of cavity eigenmodes, each of which concentrates up to 50% of its power in the bright spot corresponding to the solution.