Abstract
A non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) design called the Cordus conjecture is applied to address the ontological question: What is time? A novel multi-level concept emerges for time, and the origin of the arrow is also explained. According to this theory, time at the fundamental level consists of the frequency oscillations of matter particules, and thus time is locally generated and a property of matter. At the next level up, that of the assembly of matter particles via bonds and fields, the interconnectedness creates a patchwork of temporal cause-and-effect, and hence a coarser time. Entropy, classical mechanics, the arrow, and our perception of time are shown to all arise at the transition from coherence to decoherence. Time at the macroscopic level is therefore a series of delayed irreversible interactions (temporal ratchets) between sub-microscopic domains of matter, not a dimension that can be traversed in both directions. The theory extends to time at the level of organic life. It explains how the human-perception of time arises at the cognitive level, and why we perceive time as universal. This theory suggests that time is all of particle-based vs. spacetime, relative vs. absolute, local vs. universal, depending on the level of assembly being considered. However it is also none of those things individually.
Highlights
Though intuitively familiar, time is a mystery
We show that a logically consistent explanation is that time arises as the frequency cycles of a non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) particule, and that time depends on how the particules are assembled into matter and physical bodies
The results suggest there is a hierarchy of time, with the physical size of the body being the main scaling factor, and we present the results in this order, starting at the fundamental level and building up to the macroscopic level and onwards to the human perception of time
Summary
Time is a mystery. Time is a variable throughout physics: classical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics (QM), and general relativity (GR) all include it. The topic is relevant to many discourses other than pure physics It raises questions in philosophy for how life exists in the framework of finite time, theological questions about what existence there might be beyond time and this universe, and psychological questions about how we perceive time in a cognitive sense. All these approaches, physics, psychology, philosophy, have theories for time. The constructs in each are very different, and are poorly integrated Those of quantum mechanics and general relativity are difficult to reconcile. Nor are those constructs always coherent with humans’ personal cognitive perception of time. Any new solution for time needs to answer these foundational and integration problems
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