Abstract
A field research was conducted at Makariki Experimental Farm, Moluccas Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology, Central Moluccas. The study aims to know the effect of tillage systems and fertilization for increase of growth and yield of yam’s local tuber (Dioscorea esculenta). Experiments using split plot design with 20 treatments and three replications. The main plot were tillage system consisted of four tillage systems, ie: (A1) Minimum Tillage + Single Mound/”Kuming”; (A2) Minimum Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound/”Guludan”; (A3) Intensive Tillage + Single Mound, and (A4) Intensive Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound, sub plots were fertilization, consisting of (B0) Without fertilizeration; (B1) Complete NPK Fertilization (135 kg N +135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O/ha), (B2) NP Fertilization (135 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 /ha), (B3) NK Fertilization (135 kg N + 135 kg K2O/ha), and (B4) PK Fertilization (90 kg P2O5 + 135 kg K20/ha). Sub plot size 4 m x 3 m with spacing of 100 cm x 75 cm. Source of fertilizer N, P and K in a row came from Urea, TSP, and KCl. Fertilizer N and K are given three times, i.e. the one third dose given at age 10 dap (days after planting), one third dose at age 30 dap and the rest one third dose at age 60 dap, whereas the P fertilizer entirely given at age 10 dap. The results showed that the tillage system and fertilization in single influence on growth, yield components and yield per hectare of yam’s local tuber, but both are no significant interactions. Intensive tillage system, followed by creating lenghtwise mound influence the growth and yield components as well as providing the highest yield of yam’s local tuber (19.97 t/ha). Complete NPK fertilization (135 kg N +135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O/ha) also provides a real influence on the growth and yield components as well as providing the highest yield of yam’s local tuber (21.86 t/ha) and not significantly different compared to the NK fertilization (135 kg N + 135 kg K2O/ha) which consist of 19.58 t/ha.
Highlights
Preservation of germplasm as a genetic source will determine the success of the food development program
The main plot were tillage system consisted of four tillage systems, ie: (A1) Minimum Tillage + Single Mound/”Kuming”; (A2) Minimum Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound/”Guludan”; (A3) Intensive Tillage + Single Mound, and (A4) Intensive Tillage + Lenghtwise Mound, sub plots were fertilization, consisting of (B0) Without fertilizeration; (B1) Complete NPK Fertilization (135 kg N +135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O/ha), (B2) NP Fertilization (135 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 /ha), (B3) NK Fertilization (135 kg N + 135 kg K2O/ha), and (B4) PK Fertilization (90 kg P2O5 + 135 kg K20/ha)
The results showed that the tillage system and fertilization in single influence on growth, yield components and yield per hectare
Summary
Preservation of germplasm as a genetic source will determine the success of the food development program. The desirable food sufficiency will depend on the diversity of germplasm possessed because the superior varieties, which have been, are, and will be assembled are a collection of specific genetic diversity expressed in the desired superior traits (Sianipar 2015). Tubers plant (cassava, sweet potato, yams and cocoyams) as a genetic source of non-rice carbohydrates is a traditional food crop for the people of Moluccas. Cassava and sweet potato are classified as the main tubers, while yams and cocoyams are classified as rare minor tubers, because this species is almost extinct and only developed in a small number of local farmers. The development of traditional food crops (tubers and corn) in Moluccas in the future still has considerable opportunities
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