Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is a platinum based anticancer drug that has demonstrated significant efficacy against various types of cancers. Unfortunately, this drug is also famous for its severe side effects on delicate organs. Herein this study examined the hepatorenal and testicular protective effects of TiTE against CIS-induced hepatorenal and testicular insults. Rats were administered with TiTE (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks, while a single dose of CIS (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was injected once per week from week 2 to week 4. Treatment with TITE significantly attenuated CIS-induced increases in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, TiTE treatment also decreased oxidative stress (MDA) inflammations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB) and apoptosis (caspase-3 activity) and restored hepatorenal and testicular antioxidant defense (SOD, CAT and GPx) in CIS treated rats. Additionally, the TiTE improved sperm count, motility and viability, and ameliorated the reduced serum levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in CIS-injected rats. TiTE also curtailed hepatorenal and testicular histological changes in CIS treated rats. The findings from the study indicated that TiTE displayed hepatorenal and testicular protective effects via inhibition of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and endocrine imbalance in rats.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the world’s deadliest disease and the global impact of the disease increases on a yearly basis due to several factors including aging, population growth and socioeconomic development [1,2]
The body weight of the rats in the normal control group was significantly higher than the corresponding average body weight of the CIS group
The rats treated with TiTE showed significantly higher body weight compared to the CIS control rats (Fig. 1A)
Summary
Cancer is one of the world’s deadliest disease and the global impact of the disease increases on a yearly basis due to several factors including aging, population growth and socioeconomic development [1,2]. The incidence of the disease cuts across all age groups and ethnicity, making it a major health issue [3]. Chemotherapy has significantly increased the life expectancy of cancer patients, especially in cases where the disease is detected early. Most of the drugs used during chemotherapy have displayed major adverse effects due to the inability of the drugs to discriminate between cancer and normal cells, negatively impacting on the quality of life of cancer patients. As a common cytostatic agent, CIS is administered to lungs, breast, testicular, ovarian, head and neck cancer patients [4,5]
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