Abstract
As flash signaling patterns of fireflies are species specific, signal‐pattern analysis is important for understanding this system of communication. Here, we present time‐lapse image analysis (TiLIA), a free open‐source software package for signal and flight pattern analyses of fireflies that uses video‐recorded image data. TiLIA enables flight path tracing of individual fireflies and provides frame‐by‐frame coordinates and light intensity data. As an example of TiLIA capabilities, we demonstrate flash pattern analysis of the fireflies Luciola cruciata and L. lateralis during courtship behavior.
Highlights
Light production in adult fireflies is a mating adaptation (McDermott 1910; Mast 1912; Barber and McDermott 1951), and species-specific mating-related flash signals play a role in reproductive isolation (Lloyd 1966)
Signal-pattern analysis is important for understanding flash communication systems of the firefly
Lloyd (1966, 1969) developed a recording system in which the flash was detected by a photo-sensor, and the light intensity was transduced to a frequency-modulated audio signal, which was recorded on a magnetic tape
Summary
Light production in adult fireflies is a mating adaptation (McDermott 1910; Mast 1912; Barber and McDermott 1951), and species-specific mating-related flash signals play a role in reproductive isolation (Lloyd 1966). Image Analysis of Firefly Flash Patterns ability to analyze multiple individuals simultaneously were limited.
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