Abstract
Tiger Panthera tigris, is used as a flagship or umbrella species in conserving wildlife and wild areas in many parts of Asia. We used remotely triggered camera traps and capture-recapture framework within Manas National Park in India and Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan to estimate the abundance and density of tigers in the Transboundary Manas Conservation Complex (TMCC). A total of 102 camera traps pairs were used in three ranges to cover more than 400 km 2 area. We captured 87 photographs of 14 individually identified tigers (eight males and six females), during the 5,955 camera-trap night survey period. The population estimated was 15 (±SE 2.64) individuals with a 95 per cent confidence interval range of 15 to 29. Tiger density estimates using ½ MMDM (Mean Maximum Distance Moved) and using MLSECR (Maximum Likelihood Spatially Explicit Capture Recapture) analysis was 1.9 (±SE 0.36) and 0.75 (±SE 0.21) individuals/100 km2 respectively. TMCC is an important landscape, crucial for the future of tigers, and effective management of biodiversity should extend beyond the borders of protected areas and across political boundaries.
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