從「過渡」到「過渡中的主體」：Étienne Balibar對於歷史唯物論的詮釋

Abstract

This paper attempts to revisit the French Marxist Etienne Balibar's writings during the period between 1960s-1980s in order to trace the process along which the ideas of politics, subject and ideology had been gradually moved to the center of Balibar's interpretations and critiques of the Marxist historical materialism. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part discusses Balibar's theorization of the transition of the mode of production. The second part focuses on Balibar's position regarding the debate over ＂the dictatorship of the proletariat＂ in the mid-1970s, and how he eventually failed to confront the dilemma inherent in Marxist revolutionary politics. The third part deals with Balibar's reformulation of his reading of historical materialism via re-evaluating the status of ideology and politics in Marx's and Engels' works. The paper concludes that the emphasis of Balibar's interpretations of historical materialism up to the early 1980s had been shifted from a structuralist theorization of ＂transition＂ to bringing the ＂class struggle＂ back in whereby ＂transition and subject＂ were juxtaposed, and finally, to the exploration of the relevance of ＂subject in transition＂ to the practice of radical politics.