Abstract
To establish effective water quality monitoring strategies in estuaries, it is imperative to identify and understand the main drivers for the variation of water quality parameters. The tidal effect is an important factor of the daily and fortnightly variability in several estuaries. However, the extent of that influence on the different physicochemical and biological parameters is still overlooked in some estuarine systems, such as the Sado Estuary, a mesotidal estuary located on the west coast of Portugal. The main objective of this study was to determine how the water quality parameters of the Sado Estuary varied with the fortnightly and the semidiurnal tidal variation. To achieve this goal, sampling campaigns were conducted in May/18, Nov/18 and Jun/19, under neap and spring tidal conditions, with data collection over the tidal cycle. Results were observed to be significantly influenced by the tidal variation, in a large area of the estuary. Flood seemed to mitigate possible effects of nutrient enrichment in the water column. Additionally, significant differences were also observed when considering the different sampling stations. Temperature, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and nutrients showed the highest values at low water. Lastly, the implications of the tidal variability in the evaluation of the water quality according to Water Framework Directive were also discussed, highlighting the importance of studying short-time scale variations and the worst-case scenario to ensure water quality is maintained. These findings are relevant for the implementation of regional management plans and to promote sustainable development.
Highlights
Papers and Supporting Data on the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 37 (UNESCO, 1981). 48
The present study focuses on the analysis of several water quality parameters measured during whole semidiurnal tidal cycles: temperature (T), practical salinity (S), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended particulate matter (SPM), chlorophyll a concentration, and dissolved nutrients—nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium ( NH4+), phosphate (PO43−) and silicate (Si(OH)4)
The variability of each parameter was analyzed over the semidiurnal tidal cycle in the different sampling stations, considering conditions of neap (NT) and spring tides (ST), at different times of the year (May/18, Nov/18 and Jun/19)
Summary
Papers and Supporting Data on the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 37 (UNESCO, 1981). 48. Papers and Supporting Data on the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 37 (UNESCO, 1981). Water Quality: Determination of Suspended Solids by Filtration Through Glass-Fibre Filters 11923 (International Organization for Standardization, 1997). J. Determination of chlorophyll and pheopigments: Spectrophotometric equations. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories 17025(ISO/IEC, 2005). Cardoso-Mohedano, J.-G. et al Sub-tropical coastal lagoon salinization associated to shrimp ponds effluents. An evaporation-driven salinity maximum zone in Australian tropical estuaries. Variations of the nutrients loads to the mainland U.K. estuaries: Correlation with catchment areas, urbanization and coastal eutrophication.
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