Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health.

Abstract

Tick-borne diseases, caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a growing threat to public health in Europe. This paperprovides an overview of the historical context of the discovery of the most impactful pathogens transmitted by ticks,including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Francisella spp., Ehrlichia spp., andNeoehrlichia mikurensis. Understanding the historical context of their discovery provides insight into the evolutionof our understanding of these pathogens. Systematic investigation of the prevalence and transmission dynamics of these bacterial pathogens is provided,highlighting the intricate relationships among ticks, host organisms, and the environment. Epidemiology is explored, providing an in-depth analysis of clinical features associated with infections. Diagnostic methodologies undergocritical examination, with a spotlight on technological advancements that enhance detection capabilities.Additionally, the paper discusses available treatment options, addressing existing therapeutic strategies andconsidering future aspects. By integrating various pieces of information on these bacterial species, the paper aims to provide a comprehensiveresource for researchers and healthcare professionals addressing the impact of bacterial tick-borne diseases inEurope. This review underscores the importance of understanding the complex details influencing bacterialprevalence and transmission dynamics to better combat these emerging public health threats.