Tibialis anterior tendon rupture in gout—Case report and literature review

Abstract

A case report in which spontaneous rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon occurred secondary to a gouty tophaceous deposit within the tendon. The injury occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients after displacement of the foot in plantar flexion and eversion. The treatment of the rupture is discussed. An appropriate clinical examination, including an exact history taking, leads to the right diagnosis of tibialis anterior tendon rupture in gout. The rupture can occur through abnormal tendons or may occur in any portion of the tendon, but causes little disability if diagnosed promptly. Repair of the tibialis anterior tendon was done by non-absorbable suture. The leg was immobilized in a plaster cast, and daily active assisted exercises were started at the end of 3 weeks. Patient retained full function, power, and range of motion in foot and ankle at the end of 6 months. Closed rupture of the anterior tibial tendon is uncommon in gout, with few cases being reported previously. This report adds to the list of pathological conditions that should be considered in closed spontaneous rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon. Early repair does improve the likelihood of a good result. The problem of the contributory effect of atresia, degenerative changes, or both, has not yet been solved. Primary operative suture, preferably with non-absorbable suture is the treatment of choice for acute ruptures and for patients with high activity levels. Recovery is prompt with little, if any, measurable permanent disability.